GK Questions for Class 11 | GK Quiz

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity, genes, and how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring, along with variation among individuals.

The mole is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains approximately 6.022 × 10²³ elementary entities, known as Avogadro’s number.

Mitochondria produce most of a cell’s usable energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, so they are called the powerhouse of the cell.

During photosynthesis, green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose. Oxygen is released as a by-product.

An electron carries a negative electric charge. In an atom, electrons occupy regions around the positively charged nucleus.

Near Earth’s surface, gravitational acceleration is approximately 9.8 m/s², meaning the velocity of a freely falling object increases by about 9.8 m/s every second, ignoring air resistance.

Newton’s Third Law states that forces occur in equal and opposite pairs: when one body exerts a force on another, the second exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. Since mass has dimension M and acceleration has dimension LT⁻², force has the dimensional formula MLT⁻².

A concave lens diverges incoming light rays. It is used to correct myopia because it shifts the image of a distant object back onto the retina.

At 25°C, a neutral aqueous solution has equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions, giving it a pH of 7.

Chandragupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire around 322 BCE and established a powerful empire with guidance from Chanakya or Kautilya.

The Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757 in Bengal. The victory of the East India Company helped it gain political control in Bengal.

Kautilya, also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, is traditionally credited with writing the Arthashastra, a treatise on statecraft, economics, and administration.

The Gupta period is often called the Golden Age of India because of major achievements in mathematics, astronomy, literature, art, science, and culture.

Razia Sultan became the first and only woman to rule the Delhi Sultanate in her own right, reigning from 1236 to 1240.

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 to encourage Indians to boycott British institutions and goods through non-violent means.

Bhagat Singh popularised the revolutionary slogan “Inquilab Zindabad,” meaning “Long live the revolution,” during India’s freedom struggle.

The Quit India Movement began in August 1942 after the Congress called for an end to British rule. Gandhi gave the famous call of “Do or Die.”

Bahadur Shah II, popularly known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the last Mughal emperor. He was deposed by the British after the Revolt of 1857.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 at Bombay. A. O. Hume played an important role in its formation, and W. C. Bonnerjee was its first president.

The Tropic of Cancer crosses eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.

The Godavari is called the Dakshin Ganga, or Ganga of the South, because it is the longest river of peninsular India and has great cultural importance.

Black soil retains moisture and is rich in minerals suitable for cotton cultivation. It is therefore also called regur soil or black cotton soil.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth, covering more area than any other ocean.

The ozone layer is concentrated in the stratosphere, where ozone absorbs much of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation.

A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. Mercury and aneroid barometers are two commonly known types.

Gujarat has the longest coastline among Indian states, extending along the Arabian Sea and including the Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambhat.

The Sundarbans are famous for extensive mangrove forests in the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta and for the Royal Bengal tiger.

Soil erosion is the removal of the fertile topsoil by agents such as running water, wind, glaciers, and human activities.

Convectional rainfall occurs when the Sun heats the ground, warm moist air rises, cools at higher levels, and condenses into rain-bearing clouds.

The Constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950, the date chosen to honour the Purna Swaraj declaration of 1930. India became a republic on that day.

Part III of the Indian Constitution, Articles 12–35, contains the Fundamental Rights guaranteed to citizens and, in some cases, other persons.

The President appoints the Prime Minister, normally the leader who commands majority support in the Lok Sabha.

A person must be at least 35 years old to be eligible for election as the President of India.

Rajya Sabha is called the Council of States because it represents the states and Union territories in the Indian Parliament.

The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988, reduced the voting age in India from 21 to 18 years.

The President appoints the Prime Minister, normally the leader who commands majority support in the Lok Sabha.

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment gave constitutional status to rural local self-government institutions known as Panchayati Raj institutions.

The Supreme Court interprets the Constitution and protects constitutional provisions, so it is often described as the guardian of the Constitution.

The Comptroller and Auditor General audits receipts and expenditure of the Union and state governments and reports on the use of public money.

GDP means Gross Domestic Product, the monetary value of final goods and services produced within a country’s borders during a specified period.

The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India. It issues and manages currency, regulates banks, and conducts monetary policy.

Agriculture belongs to the primary sector because it directly uses natural resources to produce crops, livestock, and other raw materials.

Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level, which reduces the purchasing power of money when incomes do not rise proportionately.

GST is an indirect tax because it is collected by businesses from consumers and ultimately borne by the final consumer of goods or services.

Disguised unemployment is common in agriculture when more people work on a farm than are actually needed, so removing some workers does not reduce output.

The United Nations Development Programme publishes the Human Development Report, which analyses human development using indicators such as health, education, and income.

Liberalisation means reducing excessive government controls and restrictions to encourage competition, trade, investment, and economic activity.

Economics begins with scarcity: human wants are unlimited, while the resources available to satisfy those wants are limited and have alternative uses.

Burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas releases carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas responsible for much of the human-caused increase in global warming.

The 3R principle promotes reducing consumption first, reusing products where possible, and recycling materials to conserve resources and reduce waste.

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with atmospheric moisture to form acids, producing acid rain that can damage soil, water bodies, vegetation, and buildings.

The Chipko Movement involved villagers, especially in the Himalayan region, protecting trees by embracing them to prevent commercial felling.

Biodiversity means the variety of living organisms at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels in a particular area or across the planet.

Ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and therefore helps protect living organisms from excessive UV exposure.

Most ecosystems ultimately obtain their energy from sunlight. Producers capture solar energy through photosynthesis and pass energy through food chains.

Afforestation is the planting or establishment of forests on land that was not recently forested. It helps control erosion and absorb carbon dioxide.

A wildlife sanctuary is a protected area where animals and their habitats receive conservation protection, although some regulated human activities may be allowed.

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It executes instructions, performs calculations, and controls the operations of a computer.

ROM is non-volatile memory, meaning it retains stored information even when the power supply is switched off.

HTML provides the structure of web pages through elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, and tables.

HTTPS uses encryption through TLS to protect data exchanged between a browser and a website against interception and tampering.

A router forwards data packets between different networks and selects suitable paths for data to reach its destination.

Phishing is a fraudulent technique in which attackers impersonate trusted persons or organisations to trick people into revealing passwords, bank details, or other sensitive information.

Two-factor authentication adds a second verification step, such as a code or security key, making an account safer even if the password is exposed.

Cloud computing provides storage, processing power, software, and other services through remote servers accessed over the internet.

The .pdf extension refers to Portable Document Format, designed to preserve a document’s layout and appearance across devices and operating systems.

Artificial intelligence develops systems that can perform tasks such as learning, pattern recognition, language processing, and decision-making.

The ampere is the SI base unit of electric current, which measures the rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor.

Ohm’s law states that, at constant physical conditions, voltage equals current multiplied by resistance: V = IR.

Work done by a force is W = F s cos θ. If displacement is zero, the work done is zero because no displacement occurs.

Kinetic energy is given by ½mv², so it depends on both the object’s mass and the square of its speed.

The escape velocity from Earth’s surface is approximately 11.2 km/s. An object must reach this speed, ignoring air resistance, to escape Earth’s gravitational influence without further propulsion.

Diffraction is the bending and spreading of waves when they pass through a narrow opening or around an obstacle, especially when its size is comparable to the wavelength.

Hertz is the SI unit of frequency. One hertz means one complete cycle or oscillation per second.

A transformer works through electromagnetic induction: an alternating current in the primary coil creates a changing magnetic field that induces voltage in the secondary coil.

Velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction, whereas speed has magnitude only.

The first law of thermodynamics expresses conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made of one or more cells.

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It stores hereditary information and provides instructions for building and maintaining living organisms.

Enzymes are mostly proteins that act as biological catalysts. They speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy without being consumed.

The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It filters blood, reabsorbs useful substances, and helps form urine.

The pancreas produces insulin through the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Insulin helps cells take up glucose and lowers blood glucose levels.

The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It performs functions such as bile production, detoxification, metabolism, and storage of nutrients.

In photosynthesis, water is split during the light-dependent reactions, and oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a by-product.

The human heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. This arrangement keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood largely separate.

Scurvy results from vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is needed for collagen formation, so its deficiency can cause bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and weakness.

Histology is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure and organisation of tissues.

Common salt is sodium chloride, written chemically as NaCl. It consists of sodium ions and chloride ions in an ionic lattice.

A solution with pH below 7 at 25°C is acidic because its hydrogen-ion concentration is greater than that of a neutral solution.

The atomic number of carbon is 6, meaning every carbon atom has six protons in its nucleus.

The Haber process combines nitrogen and hydrogen to manufacture ammonia: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃, under suitable pressure, temperature, and catalysis.

Finely divided iron is used as the catalyst in the Haber process, which produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Diamond is the hardest natural substance commonly recognised because its carbon atoms form a strong three-dimensional covalent network.

Sublimation is the direct change of a solid into a gas without passing through the liquid state, as seen with substances such as camphor and dry ice under suitable conditions.

Potassium has the chemical symbol K, derived from its Latin name kalium.

Dr B. R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly and made a major contribution to framing the Indian Constitution.

National income is generally measured for a financial or calendar year to estimate the total income generated by an economy during that period.

The headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City, United States, although the organisation has major offices in several other cities.

Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas giant composed mainly of hydrogen and helium and has a very strong magnetic field.